Comments on: The “bottom billion”, aid, and strategies for achieving economic development http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/ for students and teachers of Economics Wed, 23 May 2012 04:39:58 +0000 hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.3.2 By: gökçe gündüz http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/comment-page-1/#comment-21930 gökçe gündüz Mon, 20 Feb 2012 15:02:31 +0000 http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/?p=1501#comment-21930 1.There are some countries which are landlocked. This means that smaller markets which are hard to access. The other two factors are dependence on natural resources and weak governance. These three factors lead to the conflict factor which is the most serious one persisting in a long-term. 2. Increase growth and reduce poverty. 3. War, poverty, disease, corruption; focus on trading with emerging countries and capital markets 4. Trade is the engine out of poverty; moving beyond traditional commodities and into manufacturing 5. Security leads to confidence in the market and attracts investment into the market. However, small and poor countries such as West African countries are insecure. 6. It is believed that aid is crucial especially in the field of medicine. He harshly criticizes people who consider aid as harmful because he does consider the events from a more humanitarian perspective. 1.There are some countries which are landlocked. This means that smaller markets which are hard to access. The other two factors are dependence on natural resources and weak governance. These three factors lead to the conflict factor which is the most serious one persisting in a long-term.
2. Increase growth and reduce poverty.
3. War, poverty, disease, corruption; focus on trading with emerging countries and capital markets
4. Trade is the engine out of poverty; moving beyond traditional commodities and into manufacturing
5. Security leads to confidence in the market and attracts investment into the market. However, small and poor countries such as West African countries are insecure.
6. It is believed that aid is crucial especially in the field of medicine. He harshly criticizes people who consider aid as harmful because he does consider the events from a more humanitarian perspective.

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]]> By: Mehmet M Suma http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/comment-page-1/#comment-21805 Mehmet M Suma Wed, 15 Feb 2012 20:07:21 +0000 http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/?p=1501#comment-21805 Part 1 1. Countries such as Zambia are landlocked. This means that smaller markets which are hard to access. The other two factors are dependence on natural resources and weak governance. These three factors lead to the conflict factor which is the most serious one persisting in a long-term. 2.Two original goals were to increase growth and reduce poverty. 3. War, poverty, disease and corruption lead to the apocalypse of Africa. She suggests building alliances with the emerging markets such China and India instead of the USA and Europe. 4. He believes that free market is the path to stop the poverty. He suggests that Africa should stop being dependent on primary commodities. 5. Security leads to confidence in the market and attracts investment into the market. However, small and poor countries such as West African countries are insecure. 6.Sachs believes that aid is crucial especially in the field of medicine. He harshly criticizes people who consider aid as harmful because he does consider the events from a more humanitarian perspective. Part 2 1. He thinks that the aid causes bad behavior and creates bad leaders. The aid eliminates the demand for good leaders. 2. Marshall aid plan which aimed to reconstruct Europe's economy was successful. It was a big trade policy. It maintained a greater security and governance of Europe. 3. European politicians cooperated with each other to achieve the plan. On the other hand, African politicians are not submissive and cooperative. Part 1
1. Countries such as Zambia are landlocked. This means that smaller markets which are hard to access. The other two factors are dependence on natural resources and weak governance. These three factors lead to the conflict factor which is the most serious one persisting in a long-term.
2.Two original goals were to increase growth and reduce poverty.
3. War, poverty, disease and corruption lead to the apocalypse of Africa. She suggests building alliances with the emerging markets such China and India instead of the USA and Europe.
4. He believes that free market is the path to stop the poverty. He suggests that Africa should stop being dependent on primary commodities.
5. Security leads to confidence in the market and attracts investment into the market. However, small and poor countries such as West African countries are insecure.
6.Sachs believes that aid is crucial especially in the field of medicine. He harshly criticizes people who consider aid as harmful because he does consider the events from a more humanitarian perspective.
Part 2
1. He thinks that the aid causes bad behavior and creates bad leaders. The aid eliminates the demand for good leaders.
2. Marshall aid plan which aimed to reconstruct Europe's economy was successful. It was a big trade policy. It maintained a greater security and governance of Europe.
3. European politicians cooperated with each other to achieve the plan. On the other hand, African politicians are not submissive and cooperative.

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]]> By: Will Overhauser http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/comment-page-1/#comment-21790 Will Overhauser Wed, 15 Feb 2012 16:03:30 +0000 http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/?p=1501#comment-21790 1. Landlocked, natural resources, weak governments, conflict 2. Increase growth, reduce poverty 3. War, poverty, disease, corruption; focus on trading with emerging countries and capital markets 4. Trade is the engine out of poverty; moving beyond traditional commodities and into manufacturing 5. Without security, development can't happen 6. Aid focused on medicine, bed nets, vaccinations, fertilizer 1.Moral hazard is when you give money and then they don’t use it well since they don’t appreciate the value of it. Taxation forces good governance by making the citizens care about where the money's going 2. The Marshall Plan after WWII worked thanks to opening up new markets and increasing trade between USA and Eurpoe as well as better governing in Europe 3. Politicians cooperated in Europe but this has not happened in Africa so the countries have not shared common decisions. Leaders don’t want to share power with anyone, not other countries nor their citizens. 1. Landlocked, natural resources, weak governments, conflict
2. Increase growth, reduce poverty
3. War, poverty, disease, corruption; focus on trading with emerging countries and capital markets
4. Trade is the engine out of poverty; moving beyond traditional commodities and into manufacturing
5. Without security, development can't happen
6. Aid focused on medicine, bed nets, vaccinations, fertilizer

1.Moral hazard is when you give money and then they don’t use it well since they don’t appreciate the value of it. Taxation forces good governance by making the citizens care about where the money's going
2. The Marshall Plan after WWII worked thanks to opening up new markets and increasing trade between USA and Eurpoe as well as better governing in Europe
3. Politicians cooperated in Europe but this has not happened in Africa so the countries have not shared common decisions. Leaders don’t want to share power with anyone, not other countries nor their citizens.

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]]> By: Heppler http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/comment-page-1/#comment-21784 Heppler Wed, 15 Feb 2012 03:59:34 +0000 http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/?p=1501#comment-21784 Part 1: What factors does Paul Collier point to that contribute to the “poverty traps” many African nations find themselves in? [3:07] weak governments, valueless resources, landlocked, conflict What have the two main goals of foreign aid policy been over the last 50 years, according to Dambisa Moyo? [4:45] increase growth, decrease poverty What are the “four horsemen of the African apocalypse?” How does Moyo think these four obstacles to development can best be overcome? [5:14] war, poverty, disease, corruption What is Paul Collier’s opinion of the role of free trade in promoting human and economic development in Africa? What does he think about Africa’s traditional dependence on primary products and commodities? [7:45] He thinks that African countries should develop manufacturing rather than solely the primary goods they have been exporting to create employment. Before economic growth and development can occur, security must be achieved. Why is security, according to Collier, the number one obstacle to achieving meaningful development in Africa? [8:30] because countries are small and poor. In a dissenting view, Dr. Jeffery Sachs argues for more aid to Africa. What types of aid does Sachs believe is absolutely crucial for Africa to continue to receive? [10:39] in kind aid --> medical aid, farm equipment Part 2: Collier makes the claim that aid may create “moral hazard” in Africa. What is moral hazard and how could reducing aid to African governments actually “force good governance”? [5:30] It is easier to take foreign money and make bad decisions then it is to use domestically earned money and make bad decisions. Reducing aid would make the governments more accountable Is there any historic record of aid working? What strategies accompanied foreign aid that contributed to its greatest historical success? [8:10] Marshall Aid worked in Europe because of the increased American presence both militarily and the trade stipulations that were applied to it. What’s the main difference between Europe’s economic successful development during the second half of the 20th century and Africa’s unsuccessful experience during the same period? [9:00] There is not a large presence and the opening of new markets. There is also continued violence where Europe was experiencing peace and working together, in blocs, to rebuild. Part 1:

What factors does Paul Collier point to that contribute to the “poverty traps” many African nations find themselves in? [3:07]
weak governments, valueless resources, landlocked, conflict

What have the two main goals of foreign aid policy been over the last 50 years, according to Dambisa Moyo? [4:45]
increase growth, decrease poverty

What are the “four horsemen of the African apocalypse?” How does Moyo think these four obstacles to development can best be overcome? [5:14]
war, poverty, disease, corruption

What is Paul Collier’s opinion of the role of free trade in promoting human and economic development in Africa? What does he think about Africa’s traditional dependence on primary products and commodities? [7:45]
He thinks that African countries should develop manufacturing rather than solely the primary goods they have been exporting to create employment.

Before economic growth and development can occur, security must be achieved. Why is security, according to Collier,
the number one obstacle to achieving meaningful development in Africa? [8:30]
because countries are small and poor.

In a dissenting view, Dr. Jeffery Sachs argues for more aid to Africa. What types of aid does Sachs believe is absolutely crucial for Africa to continue to receive? [10:39]
in kind aid –> medical aid, farm equipment

Part 2:

Collier makes the claim that aid may create “moral hazard” in Africa. What is moral hazard and how could reducing aid to African governments actually “force good governance”? [5:30]
It is easier to take foreign money and make bad decisions then it is to use domestically earned money and make bad decisions. Reducing aid would make the governments more accountable

Is there any historic record of aid working? What strategies accompanied foreign aid that contributed to its greatest historical success? [8:10]
Marshall Aid worked in Europe because of the increased American presence both militarily and the trade stipulations that were applied to it.

What’s the main difference between Europe’s economic successful development during the second half of the 20th century and Africa’s unsuccessful experience during the same period? [9:00]
There is not a large presence and the opening of new markets. There is also continued violence where Europe was experiencing peace and working together, in blocs, to rebuild.

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]]> By: Quinn Richardson http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/comment-page-1/#comment-21777 Quinn Richardson Wed, 15 Feb 2012 02:45:31 +0000 http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/?p=1501#comment-21777 @Asucan Odcikin I completely agree that much of what has been suffered by the Africans themselves has been a result of corrupt bureaucracy and institutions. I order for the developing nations in Africa to alleviate themselves out of poverty, governments need to be held more accountable to its people. They can then follow the paths of their European counterparts as they did in the 20th century and become more developed. @Asucan Odcikin

I completely agree that much of what has been suffered by the Africans themselves has been a result of corrupt bureaucracy and institutions. I order for the developing nations in Africa to alleviate themselves out of poverty, governments need to be held more accountable to its people. They can then follow the paths of their European counterparts as they did in the 20th century and become more developed.

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]]> By: Jackson Mote http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/comment-page-1/#comment-21776 Jackson Mote Wed, 15 Feb 2012 02:32:40 +0000 http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/?p=1501#comment-21776 The Marshall Plan was indeed a successful record of aid in history however what aspect of this plan made it so successful? The Marshall Plan was indeed a successful record of aid in history however what aspect of this plan made it so successful?

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]]> By: Quinn Richardson http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/comment-page-1/#comment-21775 Quinn Richardson Wed, 15 Feb 2012 02:29:14 +0000 http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/?p=1501#comment-21775 Part 1: 1.There are several facts that Paul Collier points to however the main ones are the fact that many developing countries are landlocked which restricts their access to foreign markets. The second one is the abundance of natural resources which can actually plague a nation in the long run due to falling prices of raw goods. 2.The two main goals have been to increase the growth of developing nations as well as decreasing the poverty within those nations. 3.They are poverty, war, disease, and corruption. According to Ms. Moyo, these nations need to expand their trade horizons with other emerging markets which would attract investment into these countries. 4.He believes that Africa should put emphasis on its manufacturing sectors and finished goods rather than primary goods. This would increase employment and alleviate poverty. He believes that Africa’s dependence on the export of primary goods has turned out to be curse rather than a blessing. These goods do not encourage employment on the scale which manufacturing does. 5.Security essentially ensures confidence in the market and removes speculation that could be harmful for potential investors. Security in the form of property rights is also essential for any nation to develop. 6.Dr. Sachs believes that much of the aid given to Africa is essential. He argues that many lives are dependent on the giving of such aid. Examples of this kind of aid include the giving of mosquito nets and food stuffs. Part 2: 1.The moral hazard is that much of the aid received by these developing countries in Africa does not make its way to the people in need as a result of bad governance. It is an incentive to continue such governance. 2.The example given in the video is the American aid given to Europe following WW2. The aid was structured in a way such that the countries could be rebuilt and its markets opened to the world. 3.The environment for trade in Africa is not nearly as welcoming as it is in Africa. The continent is rife with despot leaders which put no emphasis on its citizens as did the European ones during the 20th century. Part 1:
1.There are several facts that Paul Collier points to however the main ones are the fact that many developing countries are landlocked which restricts their access to foreign markets. The second one is the abundance of natural resources which can actually plague a nation in the long run due to falling prices of raw goods.
2.The two main goals have been to increase the growth of developing nations as well as decreasing the poverty within those nations.
3.They are poverty, war, disease, and corruption. According to Ms. Moyo, these nations need to expand their trade horizons with other emerging markets which would attract investment into these countries.
4.He believes that Africa should put emphasis on its manufacturing sectors and finished goods rather than primary goods. This would increase employment and alleviate poverty. He believes that Africa’s dependence on the export of primary goods has turned out to be curse rather than a blessing. These goods do not encourage employment on the scale which manufacturing does.
5.Security essentially ensures confidence in the market and removes speculation that could be harmful for potential investors. Security in the form of property rights is also essential for any nation to develop.
6.Dr. Sachs believes that much of the aid given to Africa is essential. He argues that many lives are dependent on the giving of such aid. Examples of this kind of aid include the giving of mosquito nets and food stuffs.

Part 2:
1.The moral hazard is that much of the aid received by these developing countries in Africa does not make its way to the people in need as a result of bad governance. It is an incentive to continue such governance.
2.The example given in the video is the American aid given to Europe following WW2. The aid was structured in a way such that the countries could be rebuilt and its markets opened to the world.
3.The environment for trade in Africa is not nearly as welcoming as it is in Africa. The continent is rife with despot leaders which put no emphasis on its citizens as did the European ones during the 20th century.

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]]> By: Jackson Mote http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/comment-page-1/#comment-21774 Jackson Mote Wed, 15 Feb 2012 02:28:09 +0000 http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/?p=1501#comment-21774 Part 1: 1.What factors does Paul Collier point to that contribute to the “poverty traps” many African nations find themselves in? [3:07] Factors that contribute to poverty traps in many African nations are countries being landlocked and not being able to expand their markets, valuable natural resources which can force a country’s economy to revolve around on resource, weak governments which can contribute to the slowing of development of these countries and, finally the conflict trap in which a country is violent with another which can last a very long time and hurt an economy. 2.What have the two main goals of foreign aid policy been over the last 50 years, according to Dambisa Moyo? [4:45] The two main goals of foreign aid policy have over the last 50 years have been to increase growth and to reduce policy. In terms of the metrics for these goals, both have failed. 3.What are the “four horsemen of the African apocalypse?” How does Moyo think these four obstacles to development can best be overcome? [5:14] War, poverty, disease, and corruption. Moyo believes that these obstacles can be overcome by focusing on trade with other developing nations to promote global development. 4.What is Paul Collier’s opinion of the role of free trade in promoting human and economic development in Africa? What does he think about Africa’s traditional dependence on primary products and commodities? [7:45] Paul Collier believes that developing nations in Africa are more focused on the needs of donors to receive more money rather than to solve the fundamental economic problems themselves. Rather than these countries keeping themselves accountable for their own economic development, Collier believes that these nations need to develop their own fundamentally sound economy. 5.Before economic growth and development can occur, security must be achieved. Why is security, according to Collier, the number one obstacle to achieving meaningful development in Africa? [8:30] Security must be achieved to prevent the unneeded changing of governments such as a coup d’etat. This would keep economies consistent and free of human error. 6.In a dissenting view, Dr. Jeffery Sachs argues for more aid to Africa. What types of aid does Sachs believe is absolutely crucial for Africa to continue to receive? [10:39] Dr. Jeffery Sachs believes that more aid to children is needed to prevent malnutrition and to allow these children a chance to receive an education. Part 2: 1.Collier makes the claim that aid may create “moral hazard” in Africa. What is moral hazard and how could reducing aid to African governments actually “force good governance”? Moral hazard is a lack in effort to improve a countries economy. Reducing aid will force food governance by making a country’s economy fully dependent on the import and export of food. 2.Is there any historic record of aid working? What strategies accompanied foreign aid that contributed to its greatest historical success? [8:10] The Marshall Plan developed by the United States is a record of working aid after the Second World War. Strategies that accompanied this foreign aid included a plan for the target country to exit the dependency of the source country’s aid. 3.What’s the main difference between Europe’s economic successful development during the second half of the 20th century and Africa’s unsuccessful experience during the same period? [9:00] In Europe’s successful economic development, the governments were willing to work together and there was a low amount of corruption. Part 1:
1.What factors does Paul Collier point to that contribute to the “poverty traps” many African nations find themselves in? [3:07]

Factors that contribute to poverty traps in many African nations are countries being landlocked and not being able to expand their markets, valuable natural resources which can force a country’s economy to revolve around on resource, weak governments which can contribute to the slowing of development of these countries and, finally the conflict trap in which a country is violent with another which can last a very long time and hurt an economy.

2.What have the two main goals of foreign aid policy been over the last 50 years, according to Dambisa Moyo? [4:45]

The two main goals of foreign aid policy have over the last 50 years have been to increase growth and to reduce policy. In terms of the metrics for these goals, both have failed.

3.What are the “four horsemen of the African apocalypse?” How does Moyo think these four obstacles to development can best be overcome? [5:14]

War, poverty, disease, and corruption. Moyo believes that these obstacles can be overcome by focusing on trade with other developing nations to promote global development.

4.What is Paul Collier’s opinion of the role of free trade in promoting human and economic development in Africa? What does he think about Africa’s traditional dependence on primary products and commodities? [7:45]

Paul Collier believes that developing nations in Africa are more focused on the needs of donors to receive more money rather than to solve the fundamental economic problems themselves. Rather than these countries keeping themselves accountable for their own economic development, Collier believes that these nations need to develop their own fundamentally sound economy.

5.Before economic growth and development can occur, security must be achieved. Why is security, according to Collier, the number one obstacle to achieving meaningful development in Africa? [8:30]

Security must be achieved to prevent the unneeded changing of governments such as a coup d’etat. This would keep economies consistent and free of human error.

6.In a dissenting view, Dr. Jeffery Sachs argues for more aid to Africa. What types of aid does Sachs believe is absolutely crucial for Africa to continue to receive? [10:39]

Dr. Jeffery Sachs believes that more aid to children is needed to prevent malnutrition and to allow these children a chance to receive an education.

Part 2:
1.Collier makes the claim that aid may create “moral hazard” in Africa. What is moral hazard and how could reducing aid to African governments actually “force good governance”?
Moral hazard is a lack in effort to improve a countries economy. Reducing aid will force food governance by making a country’s economy fully dependent on the import and export of food.

2.Is there any historic record of aid working? What strategies accompanied foreign aid that contributed to its greatest historical success? [8:10]

The Marshall Plan developed by the United States is a record of working aid after the Second World War. Strategies that accompanied this foreign aid included a plan for the target country to exit the dependency of the source country’s aid.

3.What’s the main difference between Europe’s economic successful development during the second half of the 20th century and Africa’s unsuccessful experience during the same period? [9:00]

In Europe’s successful economic development, the governments were willing to work together and there was a low amount of corruption.

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]]> By: AydaAyd http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/comment-page-1/#comment-21760 AydaAyd Tue, 14 Feb 2012 20:55:12 +0000 http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/?p=1501#comment-21760 PART-1 1.)What factors does Paul Collier point to that contribute to the “poverty traps” many African nations find themselves in? [3:07] The factors that contribute poverty traps many African nations find themselves in are being landlocked, having civil wars in their own countries, having a bad governance and dependent to natural resources. 2.)What have the two main goals of foreign aid policy been over the last 50 years, according to Dambisa Moyo? [4:45] The goals of foreign aid policy are to reduce the poverty level and to increase the growth. 3.)What are the “four horsemen of the African apocalypse?” How does Moyo think these four obstacles to development can best be overcome? [5:14] The four horsemen of the African apocalypse are disease, war, corruption and lastly poverty. Moyo thinks that by contructing alliance with other countries, development can best be overcome. 4.)What is Paul Collier’s opinion of the role of free trade in promoting human and economic development in Africa? What does he think about Africa’s traditional dependence on primary products and commodities? [7:45] With free trade and the use of manufacture, Africa may promote human and economic development. In Paul Collier’s opinion, depending on primary products in Africa should be a way to be followed to get over the bad economy. 5.)Before economic growth and development can occur, security must be achieved. Why is security, according to Collier, the number one obstacle to achieving meaningful development in Africa? [8:30] Safety of markets is significant in maintaining a good economic level and a sustainable growth. Plus, the security is something hard to achieve in poor and not-educated countries. 6.)In a dissenting view, Dr. Jeffery Sachs argues for more aid to Africa. What types of aid does Sachs believe is absolutely crucial for Africa to continue to receive? [10:39] The nets, fertilizers to avoid the mosquitos, meaning the health and medical aids. PART-2 1.)Collier makes the claim that aid may create “moral hazard” in Africa. What is moral hazard and how could reducing aid to African governments actually “force good governance”? [5:30] Moral hazard is the aid with bad behavior, because of bad governance. 2.)Is there any historic record of aid working? What strategies accompanied foreign aid that contributed to its greatest historical success? [8:10] The Marshall Plan (the money given to Europe and the countries along by the USA.) However, I believe that the aim in supplying aid to Europe was not to reconstruct there, but in fact preventing the influence of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from European countries. 3.)What’s the main difference between Europe’s economic successful development during the second half of the 20th century and Africa’s unsuccessful experience during the same period? [9:00] Against the unsuccessful situations, Europe may deal with those problems by building a consciousness, as the governors do. However, in Africa’s situation, the leaders there are having the power by just themselves; and so Africa faced with an unsuccessful experience. PART-1
1.)What factors does Paul Collier point to that contribute to the “poverty traps” many African nations find themselves in? [3:07]
The factors that contribute poverty traps many African nations find themselves in are being landlocked, having civil wars in their own countries, having a bad governance and dependent to natural resources.
2.)What have the two main goals of foreign aid policy been over the last 50 years, according to Dambisa Moyo? [4:45]
The goals of foreign aid policy are to reduce the poverty level and to increase the growth.
3.)What are the “four horsemen of the African apocalypse?” How does Moyo think these four obstacles to development can best be overcome? [5:14]
The four horsemen of the African apocalypse are disease, war, corruption and lastly poverty. Moyo thinks that by contructing alliance with other countries, development can best be overcome.
4.)What is Paul Collier’s opinion of the role of free trade in promoting human and economic development in Africa? What does he think about Africa’s traditional dependence on primary products and commodities? [7:45]
With free trade and the use of manufacture, Africa may promote human and economic development. In Paul Collier’s opinion, depending on primary products in Africa should be a way to be followed to get over the bad economy.
5.)Before economic growth and development can occur, security must be achieved. Why is security, according to Collier, the number one obstacle to achieving meaningful development in Africa? [8:30]
Safety of markets is significant in maintaining a good economic level and a sustainable growth. Plus, the security is something hard to achieve in poor and not-educated countries.
6.)In a dissenting view, Dr. Jeffery Sachs argues for more aid to Africa. What types of aid does Sachs believe is absolutely crucial for Africa to continue to receive? [10:39]
The nets, fertilizers to avoid the mosquitos, meaning the health and medical aids.

PART-2
1.)Collier makes the claim that aid may create “moral hazard” in Africa. What is moral hazard and how could reducing aid to African governments actually “force good governance”? [5:30]
Moral hazard is the aid with bad behavior, because of bad governance.
2.)Is there any historic record of aid working? What strategies accompanied foreign aid that contributed to its greatest historical success? [8:10]
The Marshall Plan (the money given to Europe and the countries along by the USA.) However, I believe that the aim in supplying aid to Europe was not to reconstruct there, but in fact preventing the influence of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from European countries.
3.)What’s the main difference between Europe’s economic successful development during the second half of the 20th century and Africa’s unsuccessful experience during the same period? [9:00]
Against the unsuccessful situations, Europe may deal with those problems by building a consciousness, as the governors do. However, in Africa’s situation, the leaders there are having the power by just themselves; and so Africa faced with an unsuccessful experience.

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]]> By: Selin Tatlican http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/comment-page-1/#comment-21759 Selin Tatlican Tue, 14 Feb 2012 20:20:51 +0000 http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/?p=1501#comment-21759 Hi Asucan, I agree with your answers to the questions. They are very brief and clear, good to understand the text. Hi Asucan, I agree with your answers to the questions. They are very brief and clear, good to understand the text.

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]]> By: Selin Tatlican http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/comment-page-1/#comment-21758 Selin Tatlican Tue, 14 Feb 2012 20:16:27 +0000 http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/?p=1501#comment-21758 PART 1 1)What factors does Paul Collier point to that contribute to the “poverty traps” many African nations find themselves in? [3:07] Paul Collier points out first landlockered, then natural resources, weak governments and violence conflicts. 2)What have the two main goals of foreign aid policy been over the last 50 years, according to Dambisa Moyo? [4:45] The main goals of foreign aid policy are increasing the economical growth and reducing the poverty. 3)What are the “four horsemen of the African apocalypse?” How does Moyo think these four obstacles to development can best be overcome? [5:14] War, poverty, disease and corruption are the four horsemen of the African apocalypse. Moyo thinks that these four obstacles to development can best be overcome by alliances, with this way the other countries also should be considered to overcome. 4)What is Paul Collier’s opinion of the role of free trade in promoting human and economic development in Africa? What does he think about Africa’s traditional dependence on primary products and commodities? [7:45] Paul Collier believes that free trade is the key for Africa. He says Africa should focus on secondary products rather than primary products in order to end up the poverty. 5)Before economic growth and development can occur, security must be achieved. Why is security, according to Collier, the number one obstacle to achieving meaningful development in Africa? [8:30] According to Collier, security is very important in terms of development of economy, however to achieve security is very hard in Africa. 6)In a dissenting view, Dr. Jeffery Sachs argues for more aid to Africa. What types of aid does Sachs believe is absolutely crucial for Africa to continue to receive? [10:39] Dr. Jeferry Sachs thinks that aids in terms of medicine, vaccines, anti-malaria and mosquito mets are absolutely crucial for Africa to continue to receive. PART 2 1)Collier makes the claim that aid may create “moral hazard” in Africa. What is moral hazard and how could reducing aid to African governments actually “force good governance”? [5:30] Collins means that with aid, some bad behaviors can be get back, for poorer countries this will reduce the problems with more money to earn. 2)Is there any historic record of aid working? What strategies accompanied foreign aid that contributed to its greatest historical success? [8:10] Yes, there is historical record of aid working such as the Second World War. The historical success is supplied with the help of USA, with the economical support of USA. 3)What’s the main difference between Europe’s economic successful development during the second half of the 20th century and Africa’s unsuccessful experience during the same period? [9:00] The main difference between Europe’s economical successful development and Africa’s unsuccessful experience is because of not working collaboratively. European countries are working collaboratively after the war but African countries did not do that, so they could not reach to success. PART 1

1)What factors does Paul Collier point to that contribute to the “poverty traps” many African nations find themselves in? [3:07]
Paul Collier points out first landlockered, then natural resources, weak governments and violence conflicts.

2)What have the two main goals of foreign aid policy been over the last 50 years, according to Dambisa Moyo? [4:45]
The main goals of foreign aid policy are increasing the economical growth and reducing the poverty.

3)What are the “four horsemen of the African apocalypse?” How does Moyo think these four obstacles to development can best be overcome? [5:14]
War, poverty, disease and corruption are the four horsemen of the African apocalypse. Moyo thinks that these four obstacles to development can best be overcome by alliances, with this way the other countries also should be considered to overcome.

4)What is Paul Collier’s opinion of the role of free trade in promoting human and economic development in Africa? What does he think about Africa’s traditional dependence on primary products and commodities? [7:45]
Paul Collier believes that free trade is the key for Africa. He says Africa should focus on secondary products rather than primary products in order to end up the poverty.

5)Before economic growth and development can occur, security must be achieved. Why is security, according to Collier, the number one obstacle to achieving meaningful development in Africa? [8:30]
According to Collier, security is very important in terms of development of economy, however to achieve security is very hard in Africa.

6)In a dissenting view, Dr. Jeffery Sachs argues for more aid to Africa. What types of aid does Sachs believe is absolutely crucial for Africa to continue to receive? [10:39]
Dr. Jeferry Sachs thinks that aids in terms of medicine, vaccines, anti-malaria and mosquito mets are absolutely crucial for Africa to continue to receive.

PART 2
1)Collier makes the claim that aid may create “moral hazard” in Africa. What is moral hazard and how could reducing aid to African governments actually “force good governance”? [5:30]
Collins means that with aid, some bad behaviors can be get back, for poorer countries this will reduce the problems with more money to earn.

2)Is there any historic record of aid working? What strategies accompanied foreign aid that contributed to its greatest historical success? [8:10]
Yes, there is historical record of aid working such as the Second World War. The historical success is supplied with the help of USA, with the economical support of USA.

3)What’s the main difference between Europe’s economic successful development during the second half of the 20th century and Africa’s unsuccessful experience during the same period? [9:00]
The main difference between Europe’s economical successful development and Africa’s unsuccessful experience is because of not working collaboratively. European countries are working collaboratively after the war but African countries did not do that, so they could not reach to success.

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]]> By: Asucan Odcikin http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/comment-page-1/#comment-21757 Asucan Odcikin Tue, 14 Feb 2012 19:29:55 +0000 http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/?p=1501#comment-21757 I agree with your answers and you made a good and brief explanations for each question but I think as you answered the last question of part 2 by saying new markets were opened after WWII you could have eleborated on that topic more. I agree with your answers and you made a good and brief explanations for each question but I think as you answered the last question of part 2 by saying new markets were opened after WWII you could have eleborated on that topic more.

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]]> By: Asucan Odcikin http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/comment-page-1/#comment-21756 Asucan Odcikin Tue, 14 Feb 2012 19:27:34 +0000 http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/?p=1501#comment-21756 Part 1: 1)The first trap is landlocked which makes hard to get in the market, the other one is having natural resources which can be seen as a good thing but it can become a curse which is a paradoxical trap and the other one is weak governments which is the conflict trap. 2)The main two goals are to increase growth and to reduce poverty. 3)The four horsemen of Africa’s apocalypse are war, poverty, disease, and corruption. In order to overcome they need to focus on building alliances on emerging economies such as India and China, also they need should participate in the global market. They need to focus on ensuring. 4)He thinks that Africa should give importance to manufacturing and second commodities in order to strength its economy. Also they need t make trade to handle poverty. 5)He states that security should be maintained in order to have development. And he also says it is very hard for poor countries to have security. 6)Dr. Jeffery Sachs states that Africa needs food and medicine to protect its citizens’ health. Part 2: 1)A moral hazard is the aid that faces with bad behaviors as a result of bad governance. 2)There is a historic record which is the aid that was given to Europe after World War II for reconstruction of Europe and it was a policy of the USA to make Europe strong again. 3)The main difference is about the leaders’ view on the topic. African leaders do not want to share their power with their citizens to make their country a better place therefore the citizens suffers from bad economic situations. On the other hand, Europeans learned to work together and they created the best solutions to overcome their problems by creating awareness among people in Europe. That’s why in Africa as the leaders and citizens are not connected and they do not share any power there is no improvement and development in economy. Part 1:
1)The first trap is landlocked which makes hard to get in the market, the other one is having natural resources which can be seen as a good thing but it can become a curse which is a paradoxical trap and the other one is weak governments which is the conflict trap.
2)The main two goals are to increase growth and to reduce poverty.
3)The four horsemen of Africa’s apocalypse are war, poverty, disease, and corruption. In order to overcome they need to focus on building alliances on emerging economies such as India and China, also they need should participate in the global market. They need to focus on ensuring.
4)He thinks that Africa should give importance to manufacturing and second commodities in order to strength its economy. Also they need t make trade to handle poverty.
5)He states that security should be maintained in order to have development. And he also says it is very hard for poor countries to have security.
6)Dr. Jeffery Sachs states that Africa needs food and medicine to protect its citizens’ health.
Part 2:
1)A moral hazard is the aid that faces with bad behaviors as a result of bad governance.
2)There is a historic record which is the aid that was given to Europe after World War II for reconstruction of Europe and it was a policy of the USA to make Europe strong again.
3)The main difference is about the leaders’ view on the topic. African leaders do not want to share their power with their citizens to make their country a better place therefore the citizens suffers from bad economic situations. On the other hand, Europeans learned to work together and they created the best solutions to overcome their problems by creating awareness among people in Europe. That’s why in Africa as the leaders and citizens are not connected and they do not share any power there is no improvement and development in economy.

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]]> By: Behiye Da?demir http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/comment-page-1/#comment-21749 Behiye Da?demir Tue, 14 Feb 2012 16:56:49 +0000 http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/?p=1501#comment-21749 Hello Esther, I agree with your answer, but I think that in order to learn its power with neighbouring countries, first of all African countries need to cope with how to cooperate on its own. Hello Esther, I agree with your answer, but I think that in order to learn its power with neighbouring countries, first of all African countries need to cope with how to cooperate on its own.

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]]> By: Behiye Da?demir http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2010/01/29/the-bottom-billion-aid-and-strategies-for-achieving-economic-development/comment-page-1/#comment-21748 Behiye Da?demir Tue, 14 Feb 2012 16:47:22 +0000 http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/?p=1501#comment-21748 PART 1 1-Paul Collier mentions 4 points. They are being landlocked, being dependent valuable natural resources, having bad governance, and civil wars. 2-One of them is to increase growth and the other one is to reduce poverty. 3-Four horsemen of the African apocalypse are war, poverty, disease, and corruption. One of the actions can be to concentrate on trade not on traditional market while building alliances with some countries like China. Focusing on capital market is important to be ready to participate in the whole market. 4-Paul Collier thinks trade is essential for Africa in order to overcome poverty. He thinks Africa needs to give more importance to manufacturing as well as focusing on second commodities. 5-He mentions that without security development cannot be made. It is hard for poor countries to have a secure environment. 6-Dr. Jeffery Sachs claims that Africa needs help especially in terms of medicine and food in order to prevent millions of people from death. Some helps should consist of vaccinations and bags of fertilizers for farmers. PART 2 1-According to him, moral hazard happens when there is a bad behaviour in return of money aid. Reducing aid to African governments can force them to tax the inhabitants to provoke more demand. 2-There is a historic record to support Europe in order to overcome the wrecks of World War 2. The aid was made by America as a trade and secure policy. America supported Europe by setting up some intuitions and encouraging governing themselves. 3-The inhabitants and the governors in Europe could learn how to deal with the problems and build consciousness about how to get rid of this kind of situations. However, in Africa this is not valid. The leaders in Africa have tended not to share their power with anybody. That is why; it prevented the countries to develop and to improve and build awareness among the citizens. PART 1
1-Paul Collier mentions 4 points. They are being landlocked, being dependent valuable natural resources, having bad governance, and civil wars.
2-One of them is to increase growth and the other one is to reduce poverty.
3-Four horsemen of the African apocalypse are war, poverty, disease, and corruption. One of the actions can be to concentrate on trade not on traditional market while building alliances with some countries like China. Focusing on capital market is important to be ready to participate in the whole market.
4-Paul Collier thinks trade is essential for Africa in order to overcome poverty. He thinks Africa needs to give more importance to manufacturing as well as focusing on second commodities.
5-He mentions that without security development cannot be made. It is hard for poor countries to have a secure environment.
6-Dr. Jeffery Sachs claims that Africa needs help especially in terms of medicine and food in order to prevent millions of people from death. Some helps should consist of vaccinations and bags of fertilizers for farmers.

PART 2
1-According to him, moral hazard happens when there is a bad behaviour in return of money aid. Reducing aid to African governments can force them to tax the inhabitants to provoke more demand.
2-There is a historic record to support Europe in order to overcome the wrecks of World War 2. The aid was made by America as a trade and secure policy. America supported Europe by setting up some intuitions and encouraging governing themselves.
3-The inhabitants and the governors in Europe could learn how to deal with the problems and build consciousness about how to get rid of this kind of situations. However, in Africa this is not valid. The leaders in Africa have tended not to share their power with anybody. That is why; it prevented the countries to develop and to improve and build awareness among the citizens.

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